Test 8 · Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool

A tiny spark from a sparkler is far hotter than warm bathwater, yet it barely hurts your hand. Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: tiny spark, spark · What happens: be, hurt · To what, where: hand

This is test 8 of lesson 82 «Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A tiny spark from a sparkler is far hotter than warm bathwater, yet it barely hurts your hand.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 spark	det
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 spark	amod
3	spark	spark	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hotter	nsubj
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 sparkler	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sparkler	det
6	sparkler	sparkler	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 spark	nmod
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 hotter	cop
8	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 hotter	advmod
9	hotter	hot	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
10	than	than	ADP	_	12 bathwater	case
11	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bathwater	amod
12	bathwater	bathwater	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hotter	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 hurts	punct
14	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	17 hurts	cc
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 hurts	nsubj
16	barely	barely	ADV	_	17 hurts	advmod
17	hurts	hurt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 hotter	conj
18	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 hand	nmod:poss
19	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 hurts	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 hotter	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a tiny spark from a sparkler					than warm bathwater; far, hot property	tree rules
2	hurt	present	spark	your hand				barely property	vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hand=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The spark is so small it holds very little heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 spark	det
2	spark	spark	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 small	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 small	cop
4	so	so	ADV	_	5 small	advmod
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 holds	nsubj
7	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 small	parataxis
8	very	very	ADV	_	9 little	advmod
9	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 heat	amod
10	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 holds	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the spark					small property	tree rules
2	hold	present	spark	little heat					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme

Option 2

The spark is not really hot at all, it is only bright

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 spark	det
2	spark	spark	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hot	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 hot	cop
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 hot	advmod
5	really	really	ADV	_	6 hot	advmod
6	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 hot	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 bright	punct
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 bright	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 bright	cop
12	only	only	ADV	_	13 bright	advmod
13	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hot	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	the spark			all		hot property	tree rules
2	is	present	spark					bright property	tree rules

Option 3

Your hand is much hotter than the spark, so it wins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 hand	nmod:poss
2	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hotter	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hotter	cop
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 hotter	advmod
5	hotter	hot	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 spark	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 spark	det
8	spark	spark	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hotter	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 wins	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	12 wins	advmod
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 wins	nsubj
12	wins	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hotter	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Your hand					than the spark; hot property	tree rules
2	win	present	hand						vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The spark is cold on the outside and hot only inside

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 spark	det
2	spark	spark	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cold	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cold	cop
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 outside	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 outside	det
7	outside	outside	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cold	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 hot	cc
9	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cold	conj
10	only	only	ADV	_	11 inside	advmod
11	inside	inside	ADV	_	4 cold	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the spark			the outside		cold property	tree rules
2	be		the spark not said here						tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/82-heat-and-temperature/t8/