Test 12 · ★ · Floating and sinking: the push of water

Ava says ice floats cos it's got air bubbles in it. true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ava, ice · What happens: say, float, get · To what, where: air bubbles, it · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 83 «Floating and sinking: the push of water» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ava	Ava	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 floats	nsubj
4	floats	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
5	cos	cos	SCONJ	_	8 got	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 got	nsubj
7	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 got	aux
8	got	get	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 floats	ccomp
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bubbles	compound
10	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 got	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 got	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 true	punct
14	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	parataxis
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ava			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	float	present	ice			tree rules
3	get	present · passive	ice	air bubbles	it	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bubble=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

No, ice floats because it is colder than the water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 floats	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 floats	punct
3	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 floats	nsubj
4	floats	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 colder	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 colder	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 colder	cop
8	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 floats	advmod
9	than	than	ADP	_	11 water	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 water	det
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 colder	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	present	ice						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	ice					than the water; cold property	tree rules

Option 2

Yes, ice without bubbles always sinks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	3 ice	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sinks	nsubj
4	without	without	ADP	_	5 bubbles	case
5	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ice	nmod
6	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	7 sinks	advmod
7	sinks	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sink	present	ice without bubbles					always property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Yes, only the bubbles keep ice up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 keep	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 bubbles	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bubbles	det
5	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 keep	nsubj
6	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 keep	obj
8	up	up	ADV	_	6 keep	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep up	present	the bubbles	ice					vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent ice=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

No, water expands when it freezes, so ice is lighter than the same amount of water

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 expands	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 expands	nsubj
4	expands	expand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	when	when	SCONJ	_	7 freezes	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 freezes	nsubj
7	freezes	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 expands	advcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 lighter	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	12 lighter	advmod
10	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 lighter	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 lighter	cop
12	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 expands	advcl
13	than	than	ADP	_	16 amount	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 amount	det
15	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 amount	amod
16	amount	amount	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 lighter	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 water	case
18	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 amount	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	expand	present	water			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	freeze	present	water			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	is	present	ice		than the same amount of water; light property	tree rules
4	amount			water		nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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