Test 4 · Mirrors, shadows and colours
You put a coin in an empty cup and move back until it just hides behind the rim. A friend pours in water and the coin appears. Why?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: You, coin, friend · What happens: put, move back, hide, pour, appear · To what, where: coin, empty cup, rim, water
This is test 4 of lesson 84 «Mirrors, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: You put a coin in an empty cup and move back until it just hides behind the rim.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 2 put | nsubj |
| 2 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 coin | det |
| 4 | coin | coin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 put | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 cup | case |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 cup | det |
| 7 | empty | empty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 cup | amod |
| 8 | cup | cup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 put | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 move | cc |
| 10 | move | move | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 put | conj |
| 11 | back | back | ADV | _ | 10 move | advmod |
| 12 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 15 hides | mark |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 hides | nsubj |
| 14 | just | just | ADV | _ | 15 hides | advmod |
| 15 | hides | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 move | advcl |
| 16 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 18 rim | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 rim | det |
| 18 | rim | rim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hides | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 put | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put | past | You | a coin | a empty cup | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent coin=Theme in cup=Destination | |||
| 2 | move back | infinitive | You not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | hide | present | coin | the rim | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind rim=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: A friend pours in water and the coin appears.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 friend | det |
| 2 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pours | nsubj |
| 3 | pours | pour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 water | case |
| 5 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pours | obl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 appears | cc |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 coin | det |
| 8 | coin | coin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 appears | nsubj |
| 9 | appears | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 pours | conj |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 pours | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pour | present | a friend | water | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source | ||||
| 2 | appear | present | the coin | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Sentence 3: Why?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Why | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1
The water lifts the coin up off the bottom towards the rim
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 water | det |
| 2 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lifts | nsubj |
| 3 | lifts | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 coin | det |
| 5 | coin | coin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lifts | obj |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 lifts | compound:prt |
| 7 | off | off | ADP | _ | 9 bottom | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 bottom | det |
| 9 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lifts | obl |
| 10 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 12 rim | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 rim | det |
| 12 | rim | rim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lifts | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift up | present | the water | the coin | the bottom | towards the rim | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent coin=Theme off bottom=Destination towards rim=Initial_Location |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Light from the coin bends as it leaves the water
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 bends | nsubj |
| 2 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 coin | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 coin | det |
| 4 | coin | coin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Light | nmod |
| 5 | bends | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 8 leaves | mark |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 leaves | nsubj |
| 8 | leaves | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 bends | advcl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 water | det |
| 10 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 leaves | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bend | present | Light from the coin | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | leave | present | Light | the water | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
Option 3
The cup becomes see-through when it is wet
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cup | det |
| 2 | cup | cup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 becomes | nsubj |
| 3 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | see | see | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 through | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 through | punct |
| 6 | through | thorough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 becomes | xcomp |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 wet | advmod |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 wet | nsubj |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 wet | cop |
| 10 | wet | wet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 through | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | present | the cup | thorough property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is | present | cup | wet property | tree rules |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice
The water makes the coin shine more brightly
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 water | det |
| 2 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 makes | nsubj |
| 3 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 coin | det |
| 5 | coin | coin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 makes | obj |
| 6 | shine | shine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 makes | xcomp |
| 7 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 8 brightly | advmod |
| 8 | brightly | brightly | ADV | _ | 3 makes | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | the water | the coin | brightly property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | shine | present | the coin not said here | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/t4/