Exam question 2 · Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels
It is given that a car stops suddenly. Identify the principal reason for which seat belts are required.
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: car, you · What happens: give, stop, identify, require · To what, where: It, principal reason, seat belts
This is exam question 2 of lesson 85 «Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that a car stops suddenly.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 stops | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 car | det |
| 6 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stops | nsubj |
| 7 | stops | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | advcl |
| 8 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 7 stops | advmod |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | stop | present | a car | suddenly property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Identify the principal reason for which seat belts are required.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 which | case |
| 6 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 8 belts | det |
| 7 | seat | seat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 belts | compound |
| 8 | belts | belt | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 required | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 required | aux:pass |
| 10 | required | require | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 reason | acl:relcl |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal reason | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | ||||
| 2 | require | present · passive | which seat belts | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |
The options
Option 1
The friction of the seat ceases entirely
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 friction | det |
| 2 | friction | friction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 ceases | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 seat | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 seat | det |
| 5 | seat | seat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 friction | nmod |
| 6 | ceases | cease | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 6 ceases | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cease | present | the friction of the seat | entirely property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
Option 2
The body is pushed backwards into the seat
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 body | det |
| 2 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pushed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 pushed | aux:pass |
| 4 | pushed | push | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | backwards | backwards | ADV | _ | 4 pushed | advmod |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 seat | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 seat | det |
| 8 | seat | seat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pushed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | push | present · passive | the body | the seat | backwards property | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into seat=Destination |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The body keeps moving forwards and must be held
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 body | det |
| 2 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 keeps | nsubj |
| 3 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | moving | move | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 keeps | xcomp |
| 5 | forwards | forward | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 moving | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 held | cc |
| 7 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 held | aux |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 9 held | aux:pass |
| 9 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 keeps | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | the body | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | move | gerund | the body not said here | forwards | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent forward=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hold | must · passive | the body not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V» |
Option 4
Gravity becomes stronger at the moment of stopping
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gravity | gravity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 becomes | nsubj |
| 2 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | stronger | strong | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 becomes | xcomp |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 moment | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 moment | det |
| 6 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 becomes | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 stopping | case |
| 8 | stopping | stopping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 moment | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | present | Gravity | moment | strong property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/85-pushes-pulls-friction-wheels/e2/