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Test 3 · ★ · Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels

Ancient builders moved huge stones by rolling them on logs. Why did this help?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Ancient builders · What happens: move, roll, do · To what, where: huge stones, stones, logs, help

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 85 «Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ancient builders moved huge stones by rolling them on logs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 builders	amod
2	builders	builder	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 moved	nsubj
3	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stones	amod
5	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 moved	obj
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 rolling	mark
7	rolling	roll	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 moved	advcl
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 rolling	obj
9	on	on	ADP	_	10 logs	case
10	logs	log	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 rolling	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 moved	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	past	Ancient builders	huge stones					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent stone=Theme
2	roll	gerund	Ancient builders not said here	stones = stone		logs			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme on log=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why did this help?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	advcl
3	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 help	det
4	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 did	obj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past		this help					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent help=Eventuality

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Rolling makes less friction than dragging

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rolling	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 friction	amod
4	friction	friction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
5	than	than	SCONJ	_	6 dragging	mark
6	dragging	drag	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 makes	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	gerund							vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	make	present		less friction					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset friction=Product
3	drag	gerund							vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent

Option 2

The logs pushed the stones uphill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 logs	det
2	logs	log	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pushed	nsubj
3	pushed	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 stones	det
5	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pushed	obj
6	uphill	uphill	ADV	_	3 pushed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	past	the logs	the stones				uphill property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme

Option 3

The logs pulled the stones forwards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 logs	det
2	logs	log	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pulled	nsubj
3	pulled	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 stones	det
5	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pulled	obj
6	forwards	forwards	ADV	_	3 pulled	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	past	the logs	the stones				forwards property	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme

Option 4

The logs made the stones lighter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 logs	det
2	logs	log	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 stones	det
5	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obj
6	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 made	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	the logs	the stones				light property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stone=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/85-pushes-pulls-friction-wheels/t3/