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Test 6 · ★ · Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels

A truck and a bicycle are moving at the same speed. Which needs a bigger force to stop?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: truck · What happens: move, need, stop · To what, where: same speed, bigger force

This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 85 «Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A truck and a bicycle are moving at the same speed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 truck	det
2	truck	truck	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 moving	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 bicycle	cc
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 bicycle	det
5	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 truck	conj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 moving	aux
7	moving	move	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	at	at	ADP	_	11 speed	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 speed	det
10	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 speed	amod
11	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 moving	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 moving	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present · progressive	a truck and a bicycle			the same speed			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme at speed=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which needs a bigger force to stop?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	2 needs	nsubj
2	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 force	det
4	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 force	amod
5	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 needs	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 stop	mark
7	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 force	acl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 needs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present		a bigger force					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot force=Theme
2	stop	to-infinitive		a bigger force not said here					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Both need exactly the same force

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 need	nsubj
2	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	6 force	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 force	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 force	amod
6	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 need	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	Both	the same force					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot force=Theme

Option 2

The bicycle, because it is lighter and thinner

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bicycle	det
2	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 lighter	punct
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 lighter	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 lighter	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 lighter	cop
7	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 bicycle	acl:relcl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 thinner	cc
9	thinner	thin	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 lighter	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	bicycle	the bicycle not said here				light property	tree rules
2	be		bicycle not said here						tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The truck, because it is much heavier

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 truck	det
2	truck	truck	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 heavier	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 truck	punct
4	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	5 it	case
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 truck	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 heavier	cop
7	much	much	ADV	_	8 heavier	advmod
8	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the truck because it					heavy property	tree rules

Option 4

Neither needs any force to stop

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	2 needs	nsubj
2	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 force	det
4	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 needs	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 stop	mark
6	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 needs	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	Neither	any force					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot force=Theme
2	stop	to-infinitive	Neither not said here						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/85-pushes-pulls-friction-wheels/t6/