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Test 1 · ★★ · Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes

You build a tower from spaghetti and marshmallows. It keeps leaning over. What will help most?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: You, tower · What happens: build, keep, lean over, help · To what, where: tower, spaghetti

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 86 «Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: You build a tower from spaghetti and marshmallows.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 build	nsubj
2	build	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 tower	det
4	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 build	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 spaghetti	case
6	spaghetti	spaghetti	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 build	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 marshmallows	cc
8	marshmallows	marshmallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 spaghetti	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 build	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	present	You	a tower		spaghetti and marshmallows			vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent tower=Product from spaghetti=Material

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: It keeps leaning over.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keeps	nsubj
2	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	leaning	lean	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 keeps	xcomp
4	over	over	ADV	_	3 leaning	advmod
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 keeps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	tower						tree rules
2	lean over	gerund	tower not said here					over property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Sentence 3: What will help most?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 help	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 help	aux
3	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	3 help	advmod
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	future							vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Making the tower much thinner and much taller

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Making	make	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 thinner	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 tower	det
3	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Making	obj
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 thinner	advmod
5	thinner	thin	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 taller	cc
7	much	much	ADV	_	8 taller	advmod
8	taller	tall	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 thinner	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	gerund		the tower					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tower=Product

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Adding diagonal pieces to make triangles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adding	add	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	diagonal	diagonal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 pieces	amod
3	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Adding	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 make	mark
5	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Adding	advcl
6	triangles	triangle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 make	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	gerund		diagonal pieces					vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Patient
2	make	to-infinitive		triangles					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset triangle=Product

Option 3

Putting all the heaviest pieces at the top

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Putting	put	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 pieces	det:predet
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 pieces	det
4	heaviest	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 pieces	amod
5	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Putting	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 top	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 top	det
8	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Putting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	gerund		all heaviest pieces		the top			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent piece=Theme at top=Destination

Option 4

Using lots more marshmallows at the very top

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Using	use	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	root	root
2	lots	lot	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Using	obj
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 marshmallows	amod
4	marshmallows	marshmallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lots	conj
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 top	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 top	det
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 top	advmod
8	top	top	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Using	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	gerund		lots and more marshmallows		the top			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/86-building-strong-things/t1/