Test 2 · ★★ · Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes

Why do builders of old stone churches use arches over doors and windows?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: builders · What happens: use · To what, where: arches, doors

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 86 «Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 use	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 use	aux
3	builders	builder	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 use	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 churches	case
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 churches	amod
6	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 churches	compound
7	churches	church	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 builders	nmod
8	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	arches	arch	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 use	obj
10	over	over	ADP	_	11 doors	case
11	doors	door	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 use	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 windows	cc
13	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 doors	conj
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · do-support	builders of old stone churches	arches		doors and windows			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arch=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Arches let more rain run off the walls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Arches	arch	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 let	nsubj
2	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 rain	amod
4	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 let	obj
5	run	run	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 let	xcomp
6	off	off	ADP	_	8 walls	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 walls	det
8	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 run	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	present	Arches	more rain					tree rules
2	run off	participle	more rain not said here	the walls					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wall=Trajectory

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Stone is strong when stretched, and an arch stretches it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 strong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 strong	cop
3	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	when	when	SCONJ	_	5 stretched	mark
5	stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 strong	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 stretches	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 stretches	cc
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 arch	det
9	arch	arch	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 stretches	nsubj
10	stretches	stretch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 strong	conj
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 stretches	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Stone		strong property	tree rules
2	stretch	participle	Stone not said here			vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	stretch	present	a arch	Stone		vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Stone is strong when squashed, and an arch squeezes its stones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 strong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 strong	cop
3	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	5 squashed	advmod
5	squashed	squash	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 strong	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 squeezes	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 squeezes	cc
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 arch	det
9	arch	arch	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 squeezes	nsubj
10	squeezes	squeeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 strong	conj
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 stones	nmod:poss
12	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 squeezes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Stone		strong property	tree rules
2	squash	participle	Stone not said here			vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme
3	squeeze	present	a arch	arch's stones		vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme

Option 4

Arches use more stone, so they look grander

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Arches	arch	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	nsubj
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 stone	amod
4	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 use	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 look	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	8 look	advmod
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 look	nsubj
8	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 use	conj
9	grander	grand	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 look	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	Arches	more stone					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient
2	look	present	Arches = arch					grand property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/86-building-strong-things/t2/