Test 11 · ★★ · Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes

why's there steel rods inside concrete

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: steel rods · What happens: be

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 86 «Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	why	why	ADV	PronType=Rel	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 why	cop
3	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	5 rods	expl
4	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rods	compound
5	rods	rod	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 why	nsubj
6	inside	inside	ADP	_	7 concrete	case
7	concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rods	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	steel rods inside concrete					why property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The steel keeps the concrete warm and stops it cracking in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 steel	det
2	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 keeps	nsubj
3	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 concrete	det
5	concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 keeps	obj
6	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 keeps	xcomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 stops	cc
8	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 keeps	conj
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 stops	obj
10	cracking	crack	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 stops	xcomp
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 winter	case
12	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cracking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	the steel	the concrete		warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent concrete=Theme
2	stop	present	the steel not said here	concrete			tree rules
3	crack	gerund	the steel not said here		winter		vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The steel stops water soaking into it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 steel	det
2	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stops	nsubj
3	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stops	obj
5	soaking	soak	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 water	acl
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 it	case
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 stops	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	the steel	water		water			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality water=Eventuality
2	soak	gerund	water not said here						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Concrete is weak in tension, and the steel resists stretching

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 weak	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 weak	cop
3	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 tension	case
5	tension	tension	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 weak	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 resists	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 resists	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 steel	det
9	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 resists	nsubj
10	resists	resist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 weak	conj
11	stretching	stretch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 resists	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	Concrete	tension	weak property	tree rules
2	resist	present	the steel			tree rules
3	stretch	gerund				vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

The steel makes the concrete lighter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 steel	det
2	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 concrete	det
5	concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	obj
6	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the steel	the concrete				light property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material concrete=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/86-building-strong-things/t11/