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Test 8 · ★★ · Time zones and the calendar

A calendar with no leap years has been used for 400 years. What has happened?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: use, happen · To what, where: calendar

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 9 «Time zones and the calendar» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A calendar with no leap years has been used for 400 years.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 calendar	det
2	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 used	nsubj:pass
3	with	with	ADP	_	6 years	case
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 years	det
5	leap	leap	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 years	compound
6	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 calendar	nmod
7	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 used	aux
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 used	aux:pass
9	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 years	case
11	400	400	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 years	nummod
12	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 used	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · perfect · passive		a calendar with no leap years			year		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What has happened?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happened	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 happened	aux
3	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present · perfect							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

It is still exactly right

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 right	cop
3	still	still	ADV	_	5 right	advmod
4	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	5 right	advmod
5	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It				still	exactly, right property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It has slipped a whole year behind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 slipped	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 slipped	aux
3	slipped	slip	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 year	det
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 year	amod
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 slipped	obl:unmarked
7	behind	behind	ADV	_	3 slipped	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slip	present · perfect · passive		It			year	behind property	vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: subject=Patient

Option 3

It has slipped about one day behind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 slipped	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 slipped	aux
3	slipped	slip	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	about	about	ADV	_	5 one	advmod
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 day	nummod
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 slipped	obl:unmarked
7	behind	behind	ADV	_	3 slipped	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slip	present · perfect · passive		It			day	behind property	vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: subject=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It has slipped about a hundred days behind the seasons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 slipped	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 slipped	aux
3	slipped	slip	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	about	about	ADV	_	6 hundred	advmod
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 hundred	det
6	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 days	nummod
7	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 slipped	obl:unmarked
8	behind	behind	ADP	_	10 seasons	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 seasons	det
10	seasons	season	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 slipped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slip	present · perfect · passive		It			day; season		vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/9-time-zones-and-the-calendar/t8/