Exam question 2 · Lungs, air and keeping fit

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises breathed-out air in comparison with breathed-in air?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: following statements · What happens: follow, characteris, breathe out, breathe · To what, where: breathed air, comparison, air

This is exam question 2 of lesson 93 «Lungs, air and keeping fit» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 statements	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 statements	acl:relcl
9	breathed	breathe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 air	amod
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 out	punct
11	out	out	ADP	_	9 breathed	compound:prt
12	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 comparison	case
14	comparison	comparison	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
15	with	with	SCONJ	_	16 breathed	mark
16	breathed	breathe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 comparison	acl
17	-	-	PUNCT	_	16 breathed	punct
18	in	in	ADP	_	19 air	case
19	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 breathed	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 statements	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the following statements not said here	breathed air	comparison	accurately property	tree rules
3	breathe out	participle					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	breathe	participle		comparison not said here	air		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It contains less oxygen and more carbon dioxide

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 contains	nsubj
2	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 oxygen	amod
4	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contains	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 dioxide	cc
6	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 dioxide	amod
7	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 dioxide	compound
8	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 oxygen	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	It	less oxygen and more carbon dioxide					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot oxygen=Theme

Option 2

It is identical in composition

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 identical	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 identical	cop
3	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 composition	case
5	composition	composition	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 identical	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			composition		identical property	tree rules

Option 3

It contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 contains	nsubj
2	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 oxygen	amod
4	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contains	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 dioxide	cc
6	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 dioxide	amod
7	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 dioxide	compound
8	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 oxygen	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	It	more oxygen and less carbon dioxide					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot oxygen=Theme

Option 4

It contains no oxygen whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 contains	nsubj
2	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 oxygen	det
4	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contains	obj
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	2 contains	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	It	no oxygen				whatsoever property	vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot oxygen=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/93-lungs-air-keeping-fit/e2/