Exam question 3 · Lungs, air and keeping fit

Identify the action by which air is drawn into the lungs.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, draw · To what, where: action, air, lungs

This is exam question 3 of lesson 93 «Lungs, air and keeping fit» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 action	det
3	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	8 drawn	mark
5	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	6 air	det
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 drawn	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 drawn	aux:pass
8	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Identify	advcl
9	into	into	ADP	_	11 lungs	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 lungs	det
11	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 drawn	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the action					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent action=Theme
2	draw	present · passive		which air				into the lungs result	vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Patient into lung=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The diaphragm tightens and moves down, enlarging the chest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 diaphragm	det
2	diaphragm	diaphragm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tightens	nsubj
3	tightens	tighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 moves	cc
5	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 tightens	conj
6	down	down	ADP	_	5 moves	compound:prt
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 enlarging	punct
8	enlarging	enlarge	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 tightens	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 chest	det
10	chest	chest	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 enlarging	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	tighten	present	the diaphragm		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	move down	present	the diaphragm not said here		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	enlarge	gerund	the diaphragm not said here	the chest	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent chest=Patient

Option 2

The heart pumps air into the lungs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 heart	det
2	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pumps	nsubj
3	pumps	pump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pumps	obj
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 lungs	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 lungs	det
7	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pumps	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pump	present	the heart	air		the lungs			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent air=Theme into lung=Destination

Option 3

The diaphragm relaxes and moves up, shrinking the chest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 diaphragm	det
2	diaphragm	diaphragm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 relaxes	nsubj
3	relaxes	relax	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 moves	cc
5	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 relaxes	conj
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 moves	compound:prt
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 shrinking	punct
8	shrinking	shrink	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 relaxes	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 chest	det
10	chest	chest	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shrinking	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	relax	present	the diaphragm		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	move up	present	the diaphragm not said here		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	shrink	gerund	the diaphragm not said here	the chest	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent chest=Patient

Option 4

The stomach pushes air upwards into the lungs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 stomach	det
2	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushes	nsubj
3	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushes	obj
5	upwards	upwards	ADV	_	3 pushes	advmod
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 lungs	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 lungs	det
8	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pushes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	the stomach	air		the lungs		upwards property	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent air=Theme into lung=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/93-lungs-air-keeping-fit/e3/