Test 11 · ★ · Lungs, air and keeping fit

why's it harder to breathe up a big mountain

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: it · What happens: be, breathe up · To what, where: big mountain

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 93 «Lungs, air and keeping fit» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 harder	advmod
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 harder	cop
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 harder	nsubj
4	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 breathe	mark
6	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 harder	xcomp
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 breathe	compound:prt
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 mountain	det
9	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 mountain	amod
10	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 breathe	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	it					hard property	tree rules
2	breathe up	to-infinitive		a big mountain					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mountain=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The cold freezes your lungs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cold	det
2	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 freezes	nsubj
3	freezes	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 lungs	nmod:poss
5	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 freezes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	present	the cold	your lungs					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient lung=Result

Option 2

The mountain pulls the air downhill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mountain	det
2	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulls	nsubj
3	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 air	det
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulls	obj
6	downhill	downhill	ADV	_	3 pulls	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present	the mountain	the air				downhill property	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The air is thinner, so each breath brings less oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 thinner	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 thinner	cop
4	thinner	thin	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 brings	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	9 brings	advmod
7	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	8 breath	det
8	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 brings	nsubj
9	brings	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 thinner	conj
10	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 oxygen	amod
11	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 brings	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the air					thin property	tree rules
2	bring	present	each breath	less oxygen					vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme

Option 4

The air up there has no oxygen at all, only nitrogen gas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
3	up	up	ADP	_	4 there	advmod
4	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 air	advmod
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 oxygen	det
7	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	obj
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 oxygen	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 gas	punct
11	only	only	ADV	_	13 gas	advmod
12	nitrogen	nitrogen	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 gas	compound
13	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the air	no oxygen		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/93-lungs-air-keeping-fit/t11/