Test 12 · ★ · Lungs, air and keeping fit

Ava says we breathe out only carbon dioxide and no oxygen. true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ava, we · What happens: say, breathe out · To what, where: carbon dioxide · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 93 «Lungs, air and keeping fit» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ava	Ava	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 breathe	nsubj
4	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
5	out	out	ADP	_	4 breathe	compound:prt
6	only	only	ADV	_	8 dioxide	advmod
7	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 dioxide	compound
8	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 breathe	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 oxygen	cc
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 oxygen	det
11	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 dioxide	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 true	punct
13	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	parataxis
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ava						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	breathe out	present	we	carbon dioxide and no oxygen					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dioxide=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

No, breathed-out air has more oxygen than air in

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 breathed	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	breathed	breathe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 air	amod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 out	punct
5	out	out	ADP	_	3 breathed	compound:prt
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	nsubj
7	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 oxygen	amod
9	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	obj
10	than	than	ADP	_	11 air	case
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 oxygen	nmod
12	in	in	ADP	_	7 has	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe out	participle							vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	have in	present	breathed air	more oxygen				than air	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Patient

Option 2

Yes, all the oxygen stays in the body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 stays	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 oxygen	det:predet
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 oxygen	det
5	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stays	nsubj
6	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 body	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 body	det
9	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stays	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	present	all oxygen			the body			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in body=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

No, breathed-out air has less oxygen and more carbon dioxide

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 breathed	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	breathed	breathe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 air	amod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 out	punct
5	out	out	ADP	_	3 breathed	compound:prt
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	nsubj
7	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 oxygen	amod
9	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 dioxide	cc
11	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	13 dioxide	amod
12	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 dioxide	compound
13	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 oxygen	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe out	participle							vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	have	present	breathed air	less oxygen and more carbon dioxide					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Patient

Option 4

Yes, breathed-out air is pure carbon dioxide

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	10 dioxide	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	breathed	breathe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 air	amod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 out	punct
5	out	out	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 breathed	compound
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dioxide	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 dioxide	cop
8	pure	pure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 dioxide	amod
9	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dioxide	compound
10	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	participle							vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	breathed air	pure carbon dioxide					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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