Test 9 · ★ · Lungs, air and keeping fit

Why is smoking especially bad for a runner?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: smoke

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 93 «Lungs, air and keeping fit» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 smoking	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 smoking	aux
3	smoking	smoke	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	especially	especially	ADV	_	5 bad	advmod
5	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 smoking	xcomp
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 runner	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 runner	det
8	runner	runner	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bad	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 smoking	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smoke	present · progressive						bad property	vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It stops the heart from beating faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stops	nsubj
2	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 heart	det
4	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stops	obj
5	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 beating	mark
6	beating	beat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 stops	advcl
7	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 beating	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	It	the heart					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality heart=Eventuality
2	beat	gerund						fast property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

It gives the lungs too much oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 gives	nsubj
2	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 lungs	det
4	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 gives	obj
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 much	advmod
6	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 oxygen	amod
7	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 gives	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present	It	the lungs					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent lung=Recipient oxygen=Theme

Option 3

It makes the legs too heavy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 legs	det
4	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 makes	obj
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 heavy	advmod
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It	the legs				heavy property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material leg=Product

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It damages the lungs so less oxygen reaches the muscles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 damages	nsubj
2	damages	damage	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 lungs	det
4	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 damages	obj
5	so	so	ADV	_	8 reaches	advmod
6	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 oxygen	amod
7	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reaches	nsubj
8	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 damages	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 muscles	det
10	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 reaches	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	damage	present	It	the lungs					vn destroy-44 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument lung=Patient
2	reach	present	less oxygen	the muscles					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent muscle=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/93-lungs-air-keeping-fit/t9/