Exam question 1 · Laws, voting and how a country is run

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a democracy?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: democracy

This is exam question 1 of lesson 96 «Laws, voting and how a country is run» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 democracy	det
10	democracy	democracy	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a democracy				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A single ruler makes every law without any vote

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 ruler	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 ruler	amod
3	ruler	ruler	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 makes	nsubj
4	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 law	det
6	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 makes	obj
7	without	without	ADP	_	9 vote	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 vote	det
9	vote	vote	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 makes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	a single ruler	every law				without any vote	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material law=Product

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The leaders are chosen by drawing lots

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 leaders	det
2	leaders	leader	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 chosen	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 chosen	aux:pass
4	chosen	choose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	SCONJ	_	6 drawing	mark
6	drawing	draw	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 chosen	advcl
7	lots	lot	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 drawing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	choose	present · passive		the leaders					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	draw	gerund		lots					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The people choose their leaders and lawmakers by voting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 people	det
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 choose	nsubj
3	choose	choose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 leaders	nmod:poss
5	leaders	leader	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 choose	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 lawmakers	cc
7	lawmakers	lawmaker	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 leaders	conj
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 voting	case
9	voting	voting	NOUN	_	3 choose	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	choose	present	the people	people's leaders and lawmakers				by voting	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Theme

Option 4

The judges choose the leaders of the country

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 judges	det
2	judges	judge	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 choose	nsubj
3	choose	choose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 leaders	det
5	leaders	leader	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 choose	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 country	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 country	det
8	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 leaders	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	choose	present	the judges	the leaders of the country					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/96-laws-voting-government/e1/