Test 9 · ★ · Laws, voting and how a country is run
An Australian adult decides not to vote in the election. What can happen?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Australian adult · What happens: decide, not vote, happen · To what, where: election
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 96 «Laws, voting and how a country is run» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: An Australian adult decides not to vote in the election.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 adult | det |
| 2 | Australian | Australian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 adult | amod |
| 3 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 decides | nsubj |
| 4 | decides | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 vote | advmod |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 vote | mark |
| 7 | vote | vote | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 decides | xcomp |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 election | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 election | det |
| 10 | election | election | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 vote | obl |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 decides | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | decide | present | a Australian adult | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | not vote not said to happen | to-infinitive | a Australian adult not said here | the election | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What can happen?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 happen | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 happen | aux |
| 3 | happen | happen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 happen | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | can | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
They may have to pay a small fine
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 have | nsubj |
| 2 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 have | aux |
| 3 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 pay | mark |
| 5 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 have | xcomp |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 fine | det |
| 7 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 fine | amod |
| 8 | fine | fine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pay | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | may | They | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | pay | to-infinitive | They not said here | a small fine | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fine=Asset |
Option 2
They lose their citizenship for life
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 lose | nsubj |
| 2 | lose | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 citizenship | nmod:poss |
| 4 | citizenship | citizenship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lose | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 life | case |
| 6 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lose | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lose | present | They | their citizenship | for life | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent citizenship=Eventuality |
Option 3
Nothing, voting there is only a choice
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 5 is | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 voting | punct |
| 3 | voting | voting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Nothing | conj |
| 4 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 is | expl |
| 5 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | only | only | ADV | _ | 8 choice | advmod |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 choice | det |
| 8 | choice | choice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 is | nsubj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | present | Nothing | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Their vote is given to the winner
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 vote | nmod:poss |
| 2 | vote | vote | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 given | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 given | aux:pass |
| 4 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 winner | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 winner | det |
| 7 | winner | winner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 given | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | Their vote | the winner | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to winner=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | vote | Their = they | nom vote «act transitive»: poss=agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/96-laws-voting-government/t9/