Exam question 4 · Transport: from horses to planes

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the carriage of the world's goods.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, carriage

This is exam question 4 of lesson 99 «Transport: from horses to planes» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 carriage	det
13	carriage	carriage	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	18 goods	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 world	det
16	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 goods	nmod:poss
17	's	's	PART	_	16 world	case
18	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	13 carriage	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the carriage of the world's goods		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus carriage=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Most are carried by bicycle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 carried	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 carried	aux:pass
3	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 bicycle	case
5	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present · passive		Most				by bicycle	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

Most are carried by horse and cart

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 carried	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 carried	aux:pass
3	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 horse	case
5	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carried	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 cart	cc
7	cart	cart	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 horse	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present · passive	horse and cart	Most					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Most are carried by ship, which moves huge loads cheaply

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 carried	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 carried	aux:pass
3	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 ship	case
5	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carried	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 moves	punct
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 moves	nsubj
8	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 carried	conj
9	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 loads	amod
10	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 moves	obj
11	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	_	8 moves	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present · passive		Most				by ship	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	move	present		huge loads				cheaply property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent load=Theme

Option 4

Most are carried by aeroplane, which is cheapest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 carried	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 carried	aux:pass
3	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 aeroplane	case
5	aeroplane	aeroplane	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carried	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 cheapest	punct
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 cheapest	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 cheapest	cop
9	cheapest	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 aeroplane	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present · passive	aeroplane	Most					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	is	present	aeroplane					cheap property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/e4/