Test 10 · ★ · Transport: from horses to planes

why's most stuff shipped by sea not by plane

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: be, ship · To what, where: most stuff

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 99 «Transport: from horses to planes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 stuff	advmod
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 stuff	cop
3	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 stuff	amod
4	stuff	stuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	shipped	ship	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 stuff	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 sea	case
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shipped	obl
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 plane	advmod
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 plane	case
10	plane	plane	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shipped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		most stuff					tree rules
2	ship	participle		most stuff not said here				by sea; by plane	vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Ships are always faster than planes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 faster	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 faster	cop
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 faster	advmod
4	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 planes	case
6	planes	plane	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 faster	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Ships					than planes; always, fast property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ships move huge loads cheaply

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 move	nsubj
2	move	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 loads	amod
4	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 move	obj
5	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	_	2 move	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present	Ships	huge loads				cheaply property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme load=Result

Option 3

Planes are not allowed to carry goods

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Planes	plane	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 allowed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 allowed	aux:pass
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 allowed	advmod
4	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 carry	mark
6	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 allowed	xcomp
7	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	6 carry	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not allow	present · passive		Planes					vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2	carry not said to happen	to-infinitive	Planes not said here	goods					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goods=Theme

Option 4

The sea is shorter than the sky

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sea	det
2	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shorter	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 shorter	cop
4	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 sky	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sky	det
7	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shorter	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the sea					than the sky; short property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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