Test 11 · ★ · Transport: from horses to planes

why'd trains go on iron rails, not just roads

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: trains · What happens: go · To what, where: roads, iron rails

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 99 «Transport: from horses to planes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 go	advmod
2	'd	'd	PUNCT	_	4 go	punct
3	trains	train	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 go	nsubj
4	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 rails	case
6	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rails	compound
7	rails	rail	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 go	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 roads	punct
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 roads	advmod
10	just	just	ADV	_	11 roads	advmod
11	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 go	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	present	trains	roads		iron rails			vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on rail=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Roads were too narrow for wheels

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 narrow	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 narrow	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 narrow	advmod
4	narrow	narrow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 wheels	case
6	wheels	wheel	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 narrow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Roads					for wheels; narrow property	tree rules

Option 2

Rails stop the trains from getting lost

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rails	rail	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stop	nsubj
2	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 trains	det
4	trains	train	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stop	obj
5	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 getting	mark
6	getting	get	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 stop	advcl
7	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 getting	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	stop	present	Rails	the trains	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality train=Eventuality
2	get	gerund	Rails not said here		vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	lose	participle	Rails not said here		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Iron rails give the train extra power from the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rails	compound
2	rails	rail	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 give	nsubj
3	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 train	det
5	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 give	obj
6	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 power	amod
7	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 give	obj
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 ground	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 ground	det
10	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 give	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present	Iron rails	the train		the ground			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent train=Recipient power=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Wheels on smooth rails have much less friction

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wheels	wheel	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	nsubj
2	on	on	ADP	_	4 rails	case
3	smooth	smooth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 rails	amod
4	rails	rail	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Wheels	nmod
5	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	much	much	ADV	_	7 less	advmod
7	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 friction	amod
8	friction	friction	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Wheels on smooth rails	less friction					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friction=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/t11/