Test 7 · ★ · Transport: from horses to planes

Which is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 99 «Transport: from horses to planes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Cars were invented before the wheel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 invented	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 invented	aux:pass
3	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	before	before	ADP	_	6 wheel	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 wheel	det
6	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive		Cars			before the wheel		vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 2

Steam engines are powered by the wind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 engines	compound
2	engines	engine	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 powered	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 powered	aux:pass
4	powered	power	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 wind	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 wind	det
7	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 powered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	power	present · passive	the wind	Steam engines					tree rules

Option 3

The first flight lasted many hours

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 flight	det
2	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 flight	amod
3	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lasted	nsubj
4	lasted	last	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hours	amod
6	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lasted	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	last	past	the first flight				hour		vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Cars became common after they were made cheaply on assembly lines

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 became	nsubj
2	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 became	xcomp
4	after	after	SCONJ	_	7 made	mark
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 made	nsubj
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 made	aux:pass
7	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 became	advcl
8	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	_	7 made	advmod
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 lines	case
10	assembly	assembly	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 lines	compound
11	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	Cars					common property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	make	past · passive		Cars = car		assembly lines		cheaply property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/t7/