Mova0.5 pre-release⌕

☰

home / corpora / questions / World / Transport: from horses to planes / t8

Test 8 · ★ · Transport: from horses to planes

Before trains, a trip from London to Edinburgh took days by horse-drawn coach. What did railways change most?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: trip, railways · What happens: take, draw, change · To what, where: trains, most

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 99 «Transport: from horses to planes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Before trains, a trip from London to Edinburgh took days by horse-drawn coach.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Before	before	ADP	_	2 trains	case
2	trains	train	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 took	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 trains	punct
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 trip	det
5	trip	trip	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 took	nsubj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 London	case
7	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 trip	nmod
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 Edinburgh	case
9	Edinburgh	Edinburgh	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 trip	nmod
10	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 took	obj
12	by	by	ADP	_	16 coach	case
13	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 drawn	compound
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 horse	punct
15	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 coach	amod
16	coach	coach	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 took	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 took	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	past	a trip from London to Edinburgh			trains	day	by drawn coach	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent before train=Destination
2	draw	participle							vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What did railways change most?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 change	obj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 change	aux
3	railways	railway	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 change	nsubj
4	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 change	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 change	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	past · do-support	railways	most					tree rules

The options

Option 1

People stopped travelling between cities

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stopped	nsubj
2	stopped	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	travelling	travel	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 stopped	xcomp
4	between	between	ADP	_	5 cities	case
5	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 travelling	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	past	People						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	travel	gerund	People not said here			cities			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between city=Trajectory

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Horses were no longer used anywhere at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 used	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 used	aux:pass
3	no	no	ADV	_	4 longer	advmod
4	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 used	advmod
5	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	PronType=Ind	5 used	advmod
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past · passive		Horses		all		anywhere, long property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3

The two cities moved closer together

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cities	det
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 cities	nummod
3	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 moved	nsubj
4	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	closer	close	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 moved	advmod
6	together	together	ADV	_	4 moved	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	past	the two cities					close, together property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Long journeys became much faster and cheaper

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 journeys	amod
2	journeys	journey	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 became	nsubj
3	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 faster	advmod
5	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 became	advmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 cheaper	cc
7	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 became	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	Long journeys					fast property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/t8/