Elections, crime, the weather, breaking news and news vs opinion, sentence 10
Elections, trials and weather warnings all have rules behind them: people vote and can change leaders next time, a person accused is innocent until a court decides, and a warning means "be ready", not "it is certain".
Who acts: Elections, people, person, court, warning · What happens: have, vote, change, accuse, be, decide · To what, where: rules, leaders, person · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Elections, crime, the weather, breaking news and news vs opinion» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elections, people, person, court), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Elections | election | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 have | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 trials | punct |
| 3 | trials | trial | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Elections | conj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 warnings | cc |
| 5 | weather | weather | NOUN | _ | 6 warnings | compound |
| 6 | warnings | warning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Elections | conj |
| 7 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 have | advmod |
| 8 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 have | obj |
| 10 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 11 them | case |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 rules | nmod |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 vote | punct |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 vote | nsubj |
| 14 | vote | vote | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 have | parataxis |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 change | cc |
| 16 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 change | aux |
| 17 | change | change | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 vote | conj |
| 18 | leaders | leader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 change | obj |
| 19 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 time | amod |
| 20 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 change | obl:unmarked |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 innocent | punct |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 person | det |
| 23 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 innocent | nsubj |
| 24 | accused | accuse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 person | acl |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 innocent | cop |
| 26 | innocent | innocent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 vote | conj |
| 27 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 30 decides | mark |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 court | det |
| 29 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 decides | nsubj |
| 30 | decides | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 innocent | advcl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 means | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 means | cc |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 warning | det |
| 34 | warning | warning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 means | nsubj |
| 35 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 decides | parataxis |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 ready | punct |
| 37 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 38 ready | cop |
| 38 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 means | ccomp |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 ready | punct |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 certain | punct |
| 41 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 45 certain | advmod |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 certain | punct |
| 43 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 certain | nsubj |
| 44 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 certain | cop |
| 45 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 ready | conj |
| 46 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 certain | punct |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Elections and trials and weather warnings | rules | behind rules = rule | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient | |||
| 2 | vote | present | people | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | change | can | people not said here | leaders | time | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Patient | |||
| 4 | accuse | participle | a person not said here | vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | present | a person | innocent property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | decide | present | a court | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | mean | present | a warning | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | is in a quote | infinitive | ready property | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | not is in a quote | present | court | certain property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:adult-life:052-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion/10/