How a language model learns: guessing the next word, sentence 10
When the program is switched off, nothing happens inside it: it does not sleep, rest or dream.
Who acts: nothing, program · What happens: switch off, happen, not sleep, rest, dream · To what, where: program
This is a sentence of the lesson «How a language model learns: guessing the next word» of the ai course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nothing, program), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 5 switched | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 program | det |
| 3 | program | program | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 switched | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 switched | aux:pass |
| 5 | switched | switch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 happens | advcl |
| 6 | off | off | ADP | _ | 5 switched | compound:prt |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 happens | punct |
| 8 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 9 happens | nsubj |
| 9 | happens | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 11 it | case |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 happens | obl |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 sleep | punct |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 sleep | nsubj |
| 14 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 sleep | aux |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 sleep | advmod |
| 16 | sleep | sleep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 happens | parataxis |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 rest | punct |
| 18 | rest | rest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 sleep | conj |
| 19 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 20 dream | cc |
| 20 | dream | dream | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 sleep | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 happens | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | switch off | present · passive | the program | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | happen | present | nothing | program | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme inside it=Location | ||||
| 3 | not sleep | present · do-support | program | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | rest | infinitive | program not said here | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | dream | infinitive | program not said here | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:ai:002-guessing-the-next-word.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/10/