Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing what you really see, sentence 2
Artists start with light, simple shapes, circles, ovals and boxes, then add details on top; they show distance by making far things smaller (perspective) and show roundness by shading the side away from the light.
Who acts: Artists, tricks · What happens: start, add, show, make, shade · To what, where: details, top, distance, things, roundness, side
This is a sentence of the lesson «Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing what you really see» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Artists, tricks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Artists | artist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 start | nsubj |
| 2 | start | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 4 light | case |
| 4 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 start | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 shapes | punct |
| 6 | simple | simple | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 shapes | amod |
| 7 | shapes | shape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 light | appos |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 circles | punct |
| 9 | circles | circle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 shapes | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 ovals | punct |
| 11 | ovals | oval | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 shapes | conj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 boxes | cc |
| 13 | boxes | box | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 shapes | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 add | punct |
| 15 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 add | advmod |
| 16 | add | add | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 start | conj |
| 17 | details | detail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 add | obj |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 top | case |
| 19 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 add | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 2 start | punct |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 show | nsubj |
| 22 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 start | parataxis |
| 23 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 show | obj |
| 24 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 25 making | mark |
| 25 | making | make | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 show | advcl |
| 26 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 27 things | advmod |
| 27 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 making | obj |
| 28 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 25 making | xcomp |
| 29 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 30 perspective | punct |
| 30 | perspective | perspective | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 making | parataxis |
| 31 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 30 perspective | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 show | cc |
| 33 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Sub Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 show | conj |
| 34 | roundness | roundness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 show | obj |
| 35 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 36 shading | mark |
| 36 | shading | shade | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 show | advcl |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 side | det |
| 38 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 shading | obj |
| 39 | away | away | ADV | _ | 36 shading | advmod |
| 40 | from | from | ADP | _ | 42 light | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 light | det |
| 42 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 away | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 start | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | present | Artists | with light | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with light=Subeventuality | ||||
| 2 | add speech: assert | infinitive | Artists not said here | details | top | then | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent detail=Patient | ||
| 3 | show | present | tricks = trick | distance | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent distance=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | make | gerund | tricks = trick not said here | things | small property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product | |||
| 5 | show | infinitive | tricks = trick not said here | roundness | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent roundness=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | shade | gerund | tricks = trick not said here | the side | away property | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:arts:012-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see/2/