What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in, sentence 17

Koalas eat almost only eucalyptus leaves, which are tough, low in energy and slightly poisonous and need special gut bacteria to digest, so they rest or sleep up to about 20 hours a day and depend completely on their forest.

Who acts: Koalas, eucalyptus leaves, special gut bacteria · What happens: eat, be, need, digest, rest up, sleep · To what, where: eucalyptus leaves, energy, special gut bacteria

This is a sentence of the lesson «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Koalas, eucalyptus leaves, special gut bacteria), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Koalas	koala	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eat	nsubj
2	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	almost	almost	ADV	_	4 only	advmod
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 leaves	advmod
5	eucalyptus	eucalyptus	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leaves	compound
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eat	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 tough	punct
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 tough	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 tough	cop
10	tough	tough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 leaves	acl:relcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 low	punct
12	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 tough	conj
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 energy	case
14	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 low	obl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 poisonous	cc
16	slightly	slightly	ADV	_	17 poisonous	advmod
17	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 tough	conj
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 need	cc
19	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 eat	conj
20	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 bacteria	amod
21	gut	gut	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 bacteria	compound
22	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 need	obj
23	to	to	PART	_	24 digest	mark
24	digest	digest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 need	xcomp
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 rest	punct
26	so	so	ADV	_	28 rest	advmod
27	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 rest	nsubj
28	rest	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 eat	conj
29	or	or	CCONJ	_	30 sleep	cc
30	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 rest	conj
31	up	up	ADP	_	28 rest	compound:prt
32	to	to	ADP	_	35 hours	case
33	about	about	ADV	_	34 20	advmod
34	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	35 hours	nummod
35	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 rest	obl
36	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 day	det
37	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 hours	nmod:unmarked
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 depend	cc
39	depend	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 rest	conj
40	completely	completely	ADV	_	39 depend	advmod
41	on	on	ADP	_	43 forest	case
42	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	43 forest	nmod:poss
43	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 depend	obl
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 eat	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	Koalas	eucalyptus leaves				vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient
2	is	present	eucalyptus leaves				tough property	tree rules
3	be		eucalyptus leaves not said here		energy			tree rules
4	be		eucalyptus leaves not said here				slightly property	tree rules
5	need	present	Koalas not said here	special gut bacteria				tree rules
6	digest not said to happen	to-infinitive	special gut bacteria not said here					tree rules
7	rest up	present	Koalas = koala			hour		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	sleep	present	Koalas = koala not said here					vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9	depend	present	Koalas = koala not said here				on Koalas's forest; completely property	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on forest=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:001-what-a-habitat-is.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/17/