What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in, sentence 16
A frog needs two habitats: its tadpoles live in water and breathe with gills, while adult frogs hunt insects on damp land, so losing ponds means losing frogs.
Who acts: frog, tadpoles, adult frogs, losing · What happens: need, live, breathe, hunt, lose, mean · To what, where: two habitats, water, insects, damp land, ponds, frogs · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (frog, tadpoles, adult frogs, losing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 frog | det |
| 2 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 needs | nsubj |
| 3 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 habitats | nummod |
| 5 | habitats | habitat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 needs | obj |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 live | punct |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 tadpoles | nmod:poss |
| 8 | tadpoles | tadpole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 live | nsubj |
| 9 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 needs | parataxis |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 water | case |
| 11 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 live | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 breathe | cc |
| 13 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 live | conj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 gills | case |
| 15 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 breathe | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 hunt | punct |
| 17 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 20 hunt | mark |
| 18 | adult | adult | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 frogs | amod |
| 19 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 hunt | nsubj |
| 20 | hunt | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 live | conj |
| 21 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 hunt | obj |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 land | case |
| 23 | damp | damp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 land | amod |
| 24 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hunt | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 losing | punct |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 29 means | advmod |
| 27 | losing | lose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 means | csubj |
| 28 | ponds | pond | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 losing | obj |
| 29 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 needs | conj |
| 30 | losing | lose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 means | xcomp |
| 31 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 losing | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 needs | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | present | a frog | two habitats | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot habitat=Theme | ||||
| 2 | live | present | frog's tadpoles | water | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location | ||||
| 3 | breathe | present | frog's tadpoles not said here | with gills | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | hunt | present | adult frogs | insects | damp land | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent insect=Theme on land=Location | |||
| 5 | lose | gerund | ponds | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pond=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | mean | present | losing | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | lose not said to happen | gerund | losing not said here | frogs | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frog=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:001-what-a-habitat-is.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/16/