Rivers, lakes and ponds, sentence 11
Beavers fell trees with their teeth and build dams to make deep ponds that protect their lodge and do not freeze to the bottom; their orange front teeth contain iron, which makes them extra hard, and never stop growing.
Who acts: Beavers, deep ponds, orange front teeth, iron · What happens: fall, build, make, protect, not freeze, contain · To what, where: trees, dams, deep ponds, lodge, iron, ponds
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Beavers, deep ponds, orange front teeth, iron), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Beavers | beaver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 fell | nsubj |
| 2 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 fell | obj |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 teeth | case |
| 5 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 6 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 fell | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 dams | cc |
| 8 | build | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 fell | conj |
| 9 | dams | dam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 build | obj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 make | mark |
| 11 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 build | advcl |
| 12 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 ponds | amod |
| 13 | ponds | pond | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 make | obj |
| 14 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 protect | nsubj |
| 15 | protect | protect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 ponds | acl:relcl |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 lodge | nmod:poss |
| 17 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 protect | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 freeze | cc |
| 19 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 freeze | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 freeze | advmod |
| 21 | freeze | freeze | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 15 protect | conj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 bottom | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 bottom | det |
| 24 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 freeze | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 contain | punct |
| 26 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 27 | orange | orange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 teeth | amod |
| 28 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 teeth | amod |
| 29 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 contain | nsubj |
| 30 | contain | contain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 fell | parataxis |
| 31 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 contain | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 makes | punct |
| 33 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 makes | nsubj |
| 34 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 iron | acl:relcl |
| 35 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 makes | obj |
| 36 | extra | extra | ADV | _ | 37 hard | advmod |
| 37 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 makes | xcomp |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 stop | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 stop | cc |
| 40 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 41 stop | advmod |
| 41 | stop | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 fell | conj |
| 42 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 41 stop | xcomp |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | past | Beavers | trees | with Beavers's teeth | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient tree=Result | |||
| 2 | build | present | Beavers not said here | dams | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dam=Product | ||||
| 3 | make | to-infinitive | Beavers not said here | deep ponds | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pond=Product | ||||
| 4 | protect | present | deep ponds | ponds's lodge | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lodge=Beneficiary | ||||
| 5 | not freeze | present · do-support | deep ponds not said here | to the bottom | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | contain | present | ponds's orange front teeth | iron | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot iron=Theme | ||||
| 7 | make | present | iron | ponds = pond | hard property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product | |||
| 8 | not stop | present | Beavers not said here | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 9 | grow | gerund | Beavers not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/11/