Rivers, lakes and ponds, sentence 6
The kingfisher dives head-first from a perch and its dagger beak enters the water with little splash; Japanese engineers shaped a bullet train's nose like it to make the train quieter in tunnels.
Who acts: kingfisher, dagger beak, Japanese engineers · What happens: dive, enter, shape, make · To what, where: head, perch, water, nose, train
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kingfisher, dagger beak, Japanese engineers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 head | det |
| 2 | kingfisher | kingfisher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dives | nsubj |
| 3 | dives | dive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dives | obl:unmarked |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 head | punct |
| 6 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 dives | advmod |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 perch | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 perch | det |
| 9 | perch | perch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dives | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 enters | cc |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 beak | nmod:poss |
| 12 | dagger | dagger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 beak | compound |
| 13 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 enters | nsubj |
| 14 | enters | enter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 dives | conj |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 water | det |
| 16 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 enters | obj |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 splash | case |
| 18 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 splash | amod |
| 19 | splash | splash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 enters | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 shaped | punct |
| 21 | Japanese | Japanese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 engineers | amod |
| 22 | engineers | engineer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 shaped | nsubj |
| 23 | shaped | shape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 dives | parataxis |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 train | det |
| 25 | bullet | bullet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 train | compound |
| 26 | train | train | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 nose | nmod:poss |
| 27 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 26 train | case |
| 28 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 shaped | obj |
| 29 | like | like | ADP | _ | 30 it | case |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 shaped | obl |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 make | mark |
| 32 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 shaped | advcl |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 train | det |
| 34 | train | train | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 make | obj |
| 35 | quieter | quieter | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 32 make | xcomp |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 tunnels | case |
| 37 | tunnels | tunnel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 quieter | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 dives | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dive | present | kingfisher | the head | a perch | first property | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from perch=Location | ||
| 2 | enter | present | kingfisher's dagger beak | the water | with little splash | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Destination | |||
| 3 | shape | past | Japanese engineers | a bullet train's nose | like kingfisher | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nose=Product | |||
| 4 | make | to-infinitive | Japanese engineers not said here | the train | quieter property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset train=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/6/