Rivers, lakes and ponds, sentence 5
Pond skaters are insects with 6 legs; they stand on the water's surface, which acts like a thin stretchy skin, on long legs with water-repelling hairs, and they feel the ripples of insects falling in.
Who acts: Pond skaters, insects, surface, ripples · What happens: be, stand, act, repel, feel, fall in · To what, where: insects, surface, ripples
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pond skaters, insects, surface, ripples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 skaters | compound |
| 2 | skaters | skater | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 insects | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 insects | cop |
| 4 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 legs | case |
| 6 | 6 | 6 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 legs | nummod |
| 7 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 insects | nmod |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 stand | punct |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 stand | nsubj |
| 10 | stand | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 insects | parataxis |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 surface | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 water | det |
| 13 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 surface | nmod:poss |
| 14 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 13 water | case |
| 15 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 stand | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 acts | punct |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 acts | nsubj |
| 18 | acts | act | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 surface | acl:relcl |
| 19 | like | like | ADP | _ | 23 skin | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 skin | det |
| 21 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 skin | amod |
| 22 | stretchy | stretchy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 skin | amod |
| 23 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 acts | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 legs | punct |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 legs | case |
| 26 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 legs | amod |
| 27 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 stand | obl |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 hairs | case |
| 29 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 repelling | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 water | punct |
| 31 | repelling | repel | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 hairs | amod |
| 32 | hairs | hair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 legs | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 feel | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 feel | cc |
| 35 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 feel | nsubj |
| 36 | feel | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 stand | conj |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 ripples | det |
| 38 | ripples | ripple | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 feel | obj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 insects | case |
| 40 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 ripples | nmod |
| 41 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 38 ripples | acl |
| 42 | in | in | ADV | _ | 41 falling | advmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 insects | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Pond skaters | insects | with 6 legs | tree rules | |||
| 2 | stand | present | insects = insect | the water's surface | on long legs with repelling hairs | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on surface=Location | |||
| 3 | act | present | the water's surface | like a thin stretchy skin | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent like skin=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | repel | gerund | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 5 | feel | present | insects = insect | the ripples of insects | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ripple=Theme | ||||
| 6 | fall in | gerund | the ripples of insects not said here | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | ripple | insects | nom ripple «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/5/