Rivers, lakes and ponds, sentence 8

Otters close their ears and nostrils underwater, keep warm with thick, air-trapping fur, and sea otters, not river otters, crack shells with stones while floating on their backs.

Who acts: Otters, sea otters · What happens: close, keep, trap, crack, float · To what, where: ears, shells, backs

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Otters, sea otters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 close	nsubj
2	close	close	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 ears	nmod:poss
4	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 close	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 nostrils	cc
6	nostrils	nostril	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ears	conj
7	underwater	underwater	ADV	_	2 close	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 keep	punct
9	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 close	conj
10	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 keep	xcomp
11	with	with	ADP	_	17 fur	case
12	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 fur	amod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 thick	punct
14	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 trapping	compound
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 air	punct
16	trapping	trap	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	17 fur	amod
17	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 keep	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 otters	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 crack	cc
20	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 otters	compound
21	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 crack	nsubj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 otters	punct
23	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	25 otters	advmod
24	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 otters	compound
25	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 otters	conj
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 crack	punct
27	crack	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 keep	conj
28	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 crack	obj
29	with	with	ADP	_	30 stones	case
30	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 crack	obl
31	while	while	SCONJ	_	32 floating	mark
32	floating	float	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	27 crack	advcl
33	on	on	ADP	_	35 backs	case
34	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 backs	nmod:poss
35	backs	back	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 floating	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 close	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	close	present	Otters	otters's ears and nostrils		underwater property	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient
2	keep	infinitive	Otters not said here			with thick trapping fur; warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	trap	gerund					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	crack	present	sea otters and river otters	shells		with stones	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent shell=Patient with stone=Instrument
5	float	gerund	sea otters and river otters not said here		otters's backs		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on back=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/8/