Rivers, lakes and ponds, sentence 9
Dragonfly larvae live underwater for up to several years and catch insects, tadpoles and small fish with a hinged jaw that shoots out, and adult dragonflies catch over 90 per cent of the insects they chase.
Who acts: Dragonfly larvae, hinged jaw, adult dragonflies, dragonflies · What happens: live, catch, hinge, shoot out, chase · To what, where: insects, 90 per cent
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dragonfly larvae, hinged jaw, adult dragonflies, dragonflies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dragonfly | dragonfly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 larvae | compound |
| 2 | larvae | larva | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 live | nsubj |
| 3 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | underwater | underwater | ADV | _ | 3 live | advmod |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 years | case |
| 6 | up | up | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 years | case |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 up | fixed |
| 8 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 years | amod |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 live | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 catch | cc |
| 11 | catch | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 live | conj |
| 12 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 catch | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 tadpoles | punct |
| 14 | tadpoles | tadpole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 insects | conj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 fish | cc |
| 16 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 fish | amod |
| 17 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 insects | conj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 jaw | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 jaw | det |
| 20 | hinged | hinge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 jaw | amod |
| 21 | jaw | jaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 fish | nmod |
| 22 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 shoots | nsubj |
| 23 | shoots | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 jaw | acl:relcl |
| 24 | out | out | ADP | _ | 23 shoots | compound:prt |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 catch | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 catch | cc |
| 27 | adult | adult | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 dragonflies | amod |
| 28 | dragonflies | dragonfly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 catch | nsubj |
| 29 | catch | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 live | conj |
| 30 | over | over | ADV | _ | 31 90 | advmod |
| 31 | 90 | 90 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 33 cent | nummod |
| 32 | per | per | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 cent | compound |
| 33 | cent | cent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 catch | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 insects | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 insects | det |
| 36 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 cent | nmod |
| 37 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 chase | nsubj |
| 38 | chase | chase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 insects | acl:relcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 live | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Dragonfly larvae | year | underwater property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | catch | present | Dragonfly larvae not said here | insects and tadpoles and small fish with a hinged jaw | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hinge | participle | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | shoot out | present | a hinged jaw | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | catch | present | adult dragonflies | 90 per cent of the insects | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | chase | present | dragonflies = dragonfly | the insects not said here | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/9/