The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes, sentence 1

Each animal has its own way of living on the savanna: the giraffe eats leaves high up where nobody else reaches, the zebra and the white rhino graze the grass, and antelopes nibble and run.

Who acts: animal, own way, giraffe, nobody, zebra, antelopes · What happens: have, live, eat up, reach, graze, nibble · To what, where: own way, savanna, leaves, grass

This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animal, own way, giraffe, nobody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 way	nmod:poss
5	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 way	amod
6	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
7	of	of	SCONJ	_	8 living	mark
8	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 way	acl
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 savanna	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 savanna	det
11	savanna	savanna	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 living	obl
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 eats	punct
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 giraffe	det
14	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 eats	nsubj
15	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 way	parataxis
16	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 eats	obj
17	high	high	ADV	_	15 eats	advmod
18	up	up	ADP	_	15 eats	compound:prt
19	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	22 reaches	advmod
20	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	22 reaches	nsubj
21	else	else	ADV	_	20 nobody	advmod
22	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 up	advcl:relcl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 graze	punct
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 zebra	det
25	zebra	zebra	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 graze	nsubj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 rhino	cc
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 rhino	det
28	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 rhino	amod
29	rhino	rhino	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 zebra	conj
30	graze	graze	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 has	conj
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 grass	det
32	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 graze	obj
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 nibble	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 nibble	cc
35	antelopes	antelope	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 nibble	nsubj
36	nibble	nibble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 has	conj
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 run	cc
38	run	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	36 nibble	conj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	each animal	animal's own way			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient
2	live	gerund	animal's own way not said here		the savanna		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on savanna=Location
3	eat up	present	the giraffe	leaves		high property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient
4	reach	present	nobody				vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	graze	infinitive	the zebra and the white rhino	the grass			vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Experiencer
6	nibble	present	antelopes				vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	run	present	antelopes not said here				vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/1/