The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes, sentence 6
A giraffe must spread its front legs wide to drink, because its neck cannot reach the ground with straight legs, and special valves in its neck stop blood rushing to its head when it bends.
Who acts: giraffe, neck, special valves, blood · What happens: spread, drink, not reach, stop, rush, bend · To what, where: front legs, ground, blood
This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (giraffe, neck, special valves, blood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 giraffe | det |
| 2 | giraffe | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 spread | nsubj |
| 3 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 spread | aux |
| 4 | spread | spread | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 legs | nmod:poss |
| 6 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 legs | amod |
| 7 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 spread | obj |
| 8 | wide | wide | ADV | _ | 4 spread | advmod |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 drink | mark |
| 10 | drink | drink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 spread | advcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 reach | punct |
| 12 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 17 reach | mark |
| 13 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 neck | nmod:poss |
| 14 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 reach | nsubj |
| 15 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 reach | aux |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 reach | advmod |
| 17 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 spread | advcl |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 ground | det |
| 19 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 reach | obj |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 legs | case |
| 21 | straight | straight | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 legs | amod |
| 22 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 reach | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 stop | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 stop | cc |
| 25 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 valves | amod |
| 26 | valves | valve | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 stop | nsubj |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 neck | case |
| 28 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 neck | nmod:poss |
| 29 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 valves | nmod |
| 30 | stop | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 reach | conj |
| 31 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 stop | obj |
| 32 | rushing | rush | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 blood | acl |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 head | case |
| 34 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 head | nmod:poss |
| 35 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 rushing | obl |
| 36 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 38 bends | advmod |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 bends | nsubj |
| 38 | bends | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 rushing | advcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 spread | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spread | must | a giraffe | tongue's front legs | wide property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leg=Theme | |||
| 2 | drink | to-infinitive | a giraffe not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | not reach | can | tongue's neck | the ground | with straight legs | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ground=Theme | |||
| 4 | stop | present | special valves in neck's neck | blood | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality blood=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | rush | gerund | blood not said here | to neck's head result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to head=Result | ||||
| 6 | bend | present | neck | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/6/