The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes, sentence 7
Zebras often rest side by side facing different ways, so many eyes watch in every direction for lions, and scientists have found that stripes seem to confuse biting flies.
Who acts: Zebras, many eyes, scientists, stripes · What happens: rest, face, watch, find, seem, confuse · To what, where: side, different ways, direction, biting flies · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zebras, many eyes, scientists, stripes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zebras | zebra | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rest | nsubj |
| 2 | often | often | ADV | _ | 3 rest | advmod |
| 3 | rest | rest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 rest | obl |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 side | case |
| 6 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 side | nmod |
| 7 | facing | face | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 rest | advcl |
| 8 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 ways | amod |
| 9 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 facing | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 watch | punct |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 watch | advmod |
| 12 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 eyes | amod |
| 13 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 watch | nsubj |
| 14 | watch | watch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 rest | parataxis |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 direction | case |
| 16 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 direction | det |
| 17 | direction | direction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 watch | obl |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 lions | case |
| 19 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 watch | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 found | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 found | cc |
| 22 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 found | nsubj |
| 23 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 found | aux |
| 24 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 rest | conj |
| 25 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 27 seem | mark |
| 26 | stripes | stripe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 seem | nsubj |
| 27 | seem | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 found | ccomp |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 confuse | mark |
| 29 | confuse | confuse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 seem | xcomp |
| 30 | biting | bite | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 flies | amod |
| 31 | flies | fly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 confuse | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 rest | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rest | present | Zebras | side by side | often property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | face | gerund | Zebras not said here | different ways | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Destination | ||||
| 3 | watch | present | many eyes | every direction | for lions | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent in direction=Location for lion=Theme | |||
| 4 | find | present · perfect | scientists | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | seem | present | stripes | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 6 | confuse | to-infinitive | stripes not said here | biting flies | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fly=Patient | ||||
| 7 | bite | gerund | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/7/