The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas, sentence 14

Warthogs have short necks and long legs, so they kneel on thick pads on their wrists to graze short grass, and they back into burrows so their tusks face out; Pumbaa in The Lion King is a warthog.

Who acts: Warthogs, tusks, Pumbaa · What happens: have, kneel, graze, back, face out, be · To what, where: short necks, thick pads, short grass, burrows, warthog

This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Warthogs, tusks, Pumbaa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warthogs	warthog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 necks	amod
4	necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 legs	cc
6	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 legs	amod
7	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 necks	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 kneel	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	11 kneel	advmod
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 kneel	nsubj
11	kneel	kneel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 have	parataxis
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 pads	case
13	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 pads	amod
14	pads	pad	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 kneel	obl
15	on	on	ADP	_	17 wrists	case
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 wrists	nmod:poss
17	wrists	wrist	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 pads	nmod
18	to	to	PART	_	19 graze	mark
19	graze	graze	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 kneel	advcl
20	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 grass	amod
21	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 graze	obj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 back	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 back	cc
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 back	nsubj
25	back	back	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 kneel	conj
26	into	into	ADP	_	27 burrows	case
27	burrows	burrow	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 back	obl
28	so	so	SCONJ	_	31 face	mark
29	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 tusks	nmod:poss
30	tusks	tusk	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 face	nsubj
31	face	face	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 back	advcl
32	out	out	ADP	_	31 face	compound:prt
33	;	;	PUNCT	_	34 Pumbaa	punct
34	Pumbaa	Pumbaa	PROPN	Number=Sing	41 warthog	nsubj
35	in	in	ADP	_	38 King	case
36	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 King	det
37	Lion	Lion	PROPN	Number=Sing	38 King	compound
38	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 Pumbaa	nmod
39	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	41 warthog	cop
40	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	41 warthog	det
41	warthog	warthog	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	parataxis
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	have	present	Warthogs	short necks and long legs		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Patient
2	kneel	present	Warthogs = warthog		thick pads on Warthogs's wrists	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on pad=Location
3	graze	to-infinitive	Warthogs = warthog not said here	short grass		vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Experiencer
4	back	present	Warthogs = warthog		burrows	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into burrow=Destination
5	face out	present	Warthogs's tusks			vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
6	is a	present	Pumbaa in the Lion King	a warthog		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/14/