The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas, sentence 15

Spotted hyenas giggle when nervous or excited and whoop to call the clan; they catch most of their own food, lions often steal from them, and their clans are led by females, which are bigger than males.

Who acts: Spotted hyenas, tusks, lions, females · What happens: spot, giggle, call, catch, steal, lead · To what, where: clan, most, clans · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spotted hyenas, tusks, lions, females), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spotted	spot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 hyenas	amod
2	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 giggle	nsubj
3	giggle	giggle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 nervous	nsubj
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	5 nervous	advmod
5	nervous	nervous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 excited	cc
7	excited	excited	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 nervous	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 whoop	cc
9	whoop	whoop	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 nervous	conj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 call	mark
11	call	call	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 whoop	advcl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 clan	det
13	clan	clan	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 call	obj
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 catch	punct
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 catch	nsubj
16	catch	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 nervous	conj
17	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	16 catch	obj
18	of	of	ADP	_	21 food	case
19	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 food	nmod:poss
20	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 food	amod
21	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 most	nmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 steal	punct
23	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 steal	nsubj
24	often	often	ADV	_	25 steal	advmod
25	steal	steal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 catch	conj
26	from	from	ADP	_	27 them	case
27	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 steal	obl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 led	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 led	cc
30	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 clans	nmod:poss
31	clans	clan	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 led	nsubj
32	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 led	aux:pass
33	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 catch	conj
34	by	by	ADP	_	35 females	case
35	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 led	obl:agent
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 bigger	punct
37	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	39 bigger	nsubj
38	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 bigger	cop
39	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	35 females	acl:relcl
40	than	than	ADP	_	41 males	case
41	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 bigger	obl
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 giggle	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	spot	participle				vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
2	giggle		Spotted hyenas			tree rules
3	call	to-infinitive		the clan		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent clan=Recipient
4	catch	present	tusks = tusk	most of tusks's own food		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme
5	steal	present	lions		from tusks = tusk; often property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	lead	present · passive	females	tusks's clans		vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
7	is	present	females		than males; big property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/15/