The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas, sentence 8

In a meerkat group one animal at a time stands guard on a high spot, and its alarm calls tell the others whether danger comes from the sky, like an eagle, or from the ground, like a jackal.

Who acts: one animal, alarm calls, danger, hippo · What happens: stand, tell, come, call · To what, where: guard, meerkat group, others, sky · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one animal, alarm calls, danger, hippo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 group	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 group	det
3	meerkat	meerkat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 group	compound
4	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 stands	obl
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 animal	nummod
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 stands	nsubj
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 time	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 time	det
9	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 animal	nmod
10	stands	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	guard	guard	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 stands	obj
12	on	on	ADP	_	15 spot	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 spot	det
14	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 spot	amod
15	spot	spot	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 stands	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 tell	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 tell	cc
18	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 calls	nmod:poss
19	alarm	alarm	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 calls	compound
20	calls	call	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 tell	nsubj
21	tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 stands	conj
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 others	det
23	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 tell	obj
24	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	26 comes	mark
25	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 comes	nsubj
26	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 tell	ccomp
27	from	from	ADP	_	29 sky	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 sky	det
29	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 comes	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 eagle	punct
31	like	like	ADP	_	33 eagle	case
32	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 eagle	det
33	eagle	eagle	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 tell	obl
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 ground	punct
35	or	or	CCONJ	_	38 ground	cc
36	from	from	ADP	_	38 ground	case
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 ground	det
38	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 sky	conj
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 jackal	punct
40	like	like	ADP	_	42 jackal	case
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	42 jackal	det
42	jackal	jackal	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 tell	obl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 stands	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	stand	present	one animal at a time	guard	a meerkat group	on a high spot	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent guard=Theme in group=Destination
2	tell speech: assert	present	hippo's alarm calls	the others		like a eagle; like a jackal	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent other=Recipient clause=Topic
3	come	present	danger		the sky or the ground		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sky=Initial_Location
4	call		hippo				nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/8/