The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas, sentence 9

Meerkats have thin fur and dark skin on their bellies, so after cold desert nights they warm up by sunbathing belly to the sun; they also eat scorpions, often biting off the sting first.

Who acts: Meerkats · What happens: have, warm up, sunbathe, eat, bite off · To what, where: thin fur, bellies, belly, scorpions, sting

This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Meerkats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Meerkats	meerkat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 fur	amod
4	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 skin	cc
6	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 skin	amod
7	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fur	conj
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 bellies	case
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 bellies	nmod:poss
10	bellies	belly	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 nights	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	18 warm	advmod
13	after	after	ADP	_	16 nights	case
14	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 nights	amod
15	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 nights	compound
16	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 warm	obl
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 warm	nsubj
18	warm	warm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 have	conj
19	up	up	ADP	_	18 warm	compound:prt
20	by	by	SCONJ	_	21 sunbathing	mark
21	sunbathing	sunbathe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 warm	advcl
22	belly	belly	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 sunbathing	obj
23	to	to	ADP	_	25 sun	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 sun	det
25	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 sunbathing	obl
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 eat	punct
27	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 eat	nsubj
28	also	also	ADV	_	29 eat	advmod
29	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 have	conj
30	scorpions	scorpion	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 eat	obj
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 biting	punct
32	often	often	ADV	_	33 biting	advmod
33	biting	bite	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	29 eat	advcl
34	off	off	ADP	_	33 biting	compound:prt
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 sting	det
36	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 biting	obj
37	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	33 biting	advmod
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Meerkats	thin fur and dark skin	meerkats's bellies			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient
2	warm up	present	meerkats = meerkat			night		vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	sunbathe	gerund	meerkats = meerkat not said here	belly			to the sun	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent belly=Patient
4	eat	present	meerkats = meerkat	scorpions				vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scorpion=Patient
5	bite off	gerund	meerkats = meerkat not said here	the sting			first, often property	vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sting=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/9/