The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, emus, wallabies and dingoes, sentence 14
Dingoes are wild dogs that came to Australia with people thousands of years ago; they howl rather than bark, and a fence more than 5000 kilometres long keeps them away from sheep farms.
Who acts: Dingoes, wild dogs, people, fence · What happens: be, come, howl, bark, keep · To what, where: wild dogs, Australia, people
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, emus, wallabies and dingoes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dingoes, wild dogs, people, fence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dingoes | dingo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 dogs | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 dogs | cop |
| 3 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 dogs | amod |
| 4 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 came | nsubj |
| 6 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 dogs | acl:relcl |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 Australia | case |
| 8 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 came | obl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 people | case |
| 10 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 came | obl |
| 11 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 years | case |
| 13 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 thousands | nmod |
| 14 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 6 came | advmod |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 howl | punct |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 howl | nsubj |
| 17 | howl | howl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 dogs | parataxis |
| 18 | rather | rather | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 20 bark | cc |
| 19 | than | than | ADP | _ | 18 rather | fixed |
| 20 | bark | bark | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 howl | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 keeps | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 keeps | cc |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 fence | det |
| 24 | fence | fence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 keeps | nsubj |
| 25 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 27 5000 | advmod |
| 26 | than | than | ADP | _ | 25 more | fixed |
| 27 | 5000 | 5000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 kilometres | nummod |
| 28 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 long | obl |
| 29 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 24 fence | advmod |
| 30 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 dogs | conj |
| 31 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 keeps | obj |
| 32 | away | away | ADV | _ | 30 keeps | advmod |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 farms | case |
| 34 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | _ | 35 farms | compound |
| 35 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 away | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 dogs | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Dingoes | wild dogs | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | come | past | wild dogs | Australia | with people; ago property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to australia=Initial_Location | |||
| 3 | howl | present | people | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | bark | infinitive | people not said here | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | keep | present | a fence | people | away property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:103-the-australian-walkabout-kangaroos-emus-wallabies-dingoes.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/103-the-australian-walkabout-kangaroos-emus-wallabies-dingoes/14/