Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and the platypus, sentence 12
The echidna has spines like a hedgehog, curls up or digs in when touched to protect its soft belly, lays eggs, and feeds its babies milk that oozes from patches of skin, because it has no nipples.
Who acts: echidna, babies milk · What happens: have, curl up, dig in, touch, protect, lay · To what, where: spines, soft belly, eggs, babies milk, patches, nipples
This is a sentence of the lesson «Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (echidna, babies milk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 echidna | det |
| 2 | echidna | echidna | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | spines | spine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 has | obj |
| 5 | like | like | ADP | _ | 7 hedgehog | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 hedgehog | det |
| 7 | hedgehog | hedgehog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 spines | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 curls | punct |
| 9 | curls | curl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | conj |
| 10 | up | up | ADP | _ | 9 curls | compound:prt |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 digs | cc |
| 12 | digs | dig | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 curls | conj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 digs | compound:prt |
| 14 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 touched | advmod |
| 15 | touched | touch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 digs | advcl |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 protect | mark |
| 17 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 touched | advcl |
| 18 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 belly | nmod:poss |
| 19 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 belly | amod |
| 20 | belly | belly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 protect | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 lays | punct |
| 22 | lays | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | conj |
| 23 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 lays | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 feeds | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 feeds | cc |
| 26 | feeds | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | conj |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 milk | nmod:poss |
| 28 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 milk | compound |
| 29 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 feeds | obj |
| 30 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 oozes | nsubj |
| 31 | oozes | ooze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 milk | acl:relcl |
| 32 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 patches | case |
| 33 | patches | patch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 oozes | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 skin | case |
| 35 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 patches | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 has | punct |
| 37 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 39 has | mark |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 has | nsubj |
| 39 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | advcl |
| 40 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 41 nipples | det |
| 41 | nipples | nipple | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 has | obj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the echidna | spines | like a hedgehog | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spine=Patient | |||
| 2 | curl up | present | the echidna not said here | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | dig in | present | the echidna not said here | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | touch | participle | the echidna not said here | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | protect | to-infinitive | the echidna not said here | echidna's soft belly | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent belly=Beneficiary | ||||
| 6 | lay | present | the echidna not said here | eggs | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result | ||||
| 7 | feed | present | the echidna not said here | echidna's babies milk | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent milk=Theme | ||||
| 8 | ooze | present | echidna's babies milk | patches of skin | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from patch=Source | ||||
| 9 | have | present | echidna | no nipples | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nipple=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus/12/