Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and the platypus, sentence 8
Wombats make cube-shaped droppings, shaped by stiffer and softer parts of the gut; cubes do not roll off rocks and logs, so they work as signposts, and the scientists who found this won an Ig Nobel Prize in 2019.
Who acts: Wombats, cubes, scientists · What happens: make, shape, not roll off, work, find, win · To what, where: shaped droppings, rocks, this, Ig Nobel Prize, 2019
This is a sentence of the lesson «Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wombats, cubes, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wombats | wombat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 make | nsubj |
| 2 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | cube | cube | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shaped | compound |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 shaped | punct |
| 5 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 droppings | amod |
| 6 | droppings | dropping | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 make | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 shaped | punct |
| 8 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 droppings | acl |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 parts | case |
| 10 | stiffer | stiff | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 13 parts | amod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 stiffer | cc |
| 12 | softer | soft | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 10 stiffer | conj |
| 13 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 shaped | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 gut | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 gut | det |
| 16 | gut | gut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 parts | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 roll | punct |
| 18 | cubes | cube | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 roll | nsubj |
| 19 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 roll | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 roll | advmod |
| 21 | roll | roll | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 make | parataxis |
| 22 | off | off | ADP | _ | 21 roll | compound:prt |
| 23 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 roll | obj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 logs | cc |
| 25 | logs | log | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 rocks | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 work | punct |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 29 work | advmod |
| 28 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 work | nsubj |
| 29 | work | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 roll | conj |
| 30 | as | as | ADP | _ | 31 signposts | case |
| 31 | signposts | signpost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 work | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 won | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 won | cc |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 scientists | det |
| 35 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 won | nsubj |
| 36 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 found | nsubj |
| 37 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 scientists | acl:relcl |
| 38 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 37 found | obj |
| 39 | won | win | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 work | conj |
| 40 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 Prize | det |
| 41 | Ig | Ig | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 Prize | compound |
| 42 | Nobel | Nobel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 Prize | compound |
| 43 | Prize | Prize | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 won | obj |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 2019 | case |
| 45 | 2019 | 2019 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 39 won | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 make | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | Wombats | shaped droppings | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dropping=Product | ||||
| 2 | shape | participle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||||
| 3 | shape | participle | shaped droppings not said here | by stiffer parts of the gut | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 4 | not roll off | present · do-support | cubes | rocks and logs | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Agent | ||||
| 5 | work | present | wombats = wombat | as signposts | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.attribute PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent as signpost=Attribute | ||||
| 6 | find | past | the scientists | this | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Topic | ||||
| 7 | win | past | the scientists | a Ig Nobel Prize | 2019 | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prize=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus/8/