The polar zone: polar bears, sentence 14

Polar bears drink very little: seawater is too salty and fresh water is frozen most of the year, so they get most of their water from breaking down the fat of seals.

Who acts: Polar bears, seawater, water · What happens: drink, be, freeze, get, break down · To what, where: little, water, most, fat

This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: polar bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polar bears, seawater, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bears	amod
2	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 drink	nsubj
3	drink	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 little	advmod
5	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 drink	obj
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	3 drink	punct
7	seawater	seawater	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 salty	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 salty	cop
9	too	too	ADV	_	10 salty	advmod
10	salty	salty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 drink	parataxis
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 fresh	cc
12	fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 salty	conj
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 frozen	nsubj:pass
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 frozen	aux:pass
15	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 drink	ccomp
16	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	15 frozen	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 year	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 year	det
19	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 most	nmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 get	punct
21	so	so	ADV	_	23 get	advmod
22	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 get	nsubj
23	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 drink	parataxis
24	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	23 get	obj
25	of	of	ADP	_	27 water	case
26	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 water	nmod:poss
27	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 most	nmod
28	from	from	SCONJ	_	29 breaking	mark
29	breaking	break	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	24 most	advcl
30	down	down	ADP	_	29 breaking	compound:prt
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 fat	det
32	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 breaking	obj
33	of	of	ADP	_	34 seals	case
34	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 fat	nmod
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 drink	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	drink	present	Polar bears	little		tree rules
2	is	present	seawater		salty property	tree rules
3	be		seawater not said here			tree rules
4	freeze	present · passive		water	most of the year obl	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result
5	get	present	water	most of water's water		vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer most=Stimulus
6	break down	gerund	water not said here	the fat of seals		vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fat=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears/14/