The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer, sentence 0
The polar zone shows how animals beat the cold: the arctic fox has small ears, short legs and a short nose, because small body parts lose less heat, and its winter coat is so warm it hardly needs to shiver.
Who acts: polar zone, animals, arctic fox, small body parts, winter coat, coat · What happens: show, beat, have, lose, be, need · To what, where: cold, small ears, less heat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (polar zone, animals, arctic fox, small body parts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 zone | det |
| 2 | polar | polar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 zone | amod |
| 3 | zone | zone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 shows | nsubj |
| 4 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 beat | advmod |
| 6 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 beat | nsubj |
| 7 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 shows | ccomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 cold | det |
| 9 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 beat | obj |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 has | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 fox | det |
| 12 | arctic | arctic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 fox | amod |
| 13 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 has | nsubj |
| 14 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 shows | parataxis |
| 15 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 ears | amod |
| 16 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 has | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 legs | punct |
| 18 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 legs | amod |
| 19 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 ears | conj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 nose | cc |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 nose | det |
| 22 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 nose | amod |
| 23 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 ears | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 lose | punct |
| 25 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 29 lose | mark |
| 26 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 parts | amod |
| 27 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 parts | compound |
| 28 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 lose | nsubj |
| 29 | lose | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 has | advcl |
| 30 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 31 heat | amod |
| 31 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 lose | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 warm | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 warm | cc |
| 34 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 coat | nmod:poss |
| 35 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 coat | compound |
| 36 | coat | coat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 warm | nsubj |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 warm | cop |
| 38 | so | so | ADV | _ | 39 warm | advmod |
| 39 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 shows | parataxis |
| 40 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 needs | nsubj |
| 41 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 42 needs | advmod |
| 42 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 warm | advcl |
| 43 | to | to | PART | _ | 44 shiver | mark |
| 44 | shiver | shiver | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 needs | xcomp |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 shows | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | the polar zone | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | beat | present | animals | the cold | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cold=Theme | ||||
| 3 | have | present | the arctic fox | small ears and short legs and a short nose | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | ||||
| 4 | lose | present | small body parts | less heat | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | is | present | fox's winter coat | warm property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | need | present | coat | hardly property | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | ||||
| 7 | shiver not said to happen | to-infinitive | coat not said here | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/0/