The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer, sentence 1
Many Arctic animals change with the seasons: the arctic fox is white in winter and brown or grey in summer, reindeer eyes turn from golden to blue for the dark winter, and reindeer hooves harden to cut into ice.
Who acts: Many Arctic animals, arctic fox, reindeer eyes, reindeer hooves · What happens: change, be, turn, harden, cut · To what, where: golden
This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many Arctic animals, arctic fox, reindeer eyes, reindeer hooves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 animals | amod |
| 2 | Arctic | arctic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 animals | amod |
| 3 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 change | nsubj |
| 4 | change | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 seasons | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 seasons | det |
| 7 | seasons | season | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 change | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 white | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 fox | det |
| 10 | arctic | arctic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 fox | amod |
| 11 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 white | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 white | cop |
| 13 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 change | parataxis |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 winter | case |
| 15 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 white | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 brown | cc |
| 17 | brown | brown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 white | conj |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 19 grey | cc |
| 19 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 brown | conj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 summer | case |
| 21 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 white | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 turn | punct |
| 23 | reindeer | reindeer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 eyes | compound |
| 24 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 turn | nsubj |
| 25 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 change | parataxis |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 golden | case |
| 27 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 turn | obl |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 blue | case |
| 29 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 turn | obl |
| 30 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 winter | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 winter | det |
| 32 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 winter | amod |
| 33 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 turn | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 harden | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 harden | cc |
| 36 | reindeer | reindeer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 hooves | compound |
| 37 | hooves | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 harden | nsubj |
| 38 | harden | harden | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 turn | conj |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 cut | mark |
| 40 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 harden | xcomp |
| 41 | into | into | ADP | _ | 42 ice | case |
| 42 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 cut | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 change | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | Many Arctic animals | season | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the arctic fox | summer; winter | white property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | be | the arctic fox not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | turn | present | reindeer eyes | golden | winter | to blue result | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.material PP.result»: agent=Agent from golden=Initial_State to blue=Result | ||
| 5 | harden | present | reindeer hooves | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | cut | to-infinitive | reindeer hooves not said here | into ice | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into ice=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/1/