The polar zone: polar bears, sentence 2
Polar bears need the sea ice: they wait on it for seals to come up to breathe, and as the climate warms the ice melts earlier and freezes later, so the bears must go longer without food.
Who acts: Polar bears, seals, climate, ice, bears · What happens: need, wait, come up, breathe, warm, melt · To what, where: sea ice, bear
This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: polar bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polar bears, seals, climate, ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Polar | polar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 bears | amod |
| 2 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 need | nsubj |
| 3 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 ice | det |
| 5 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 ice | compound |
| 6 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 need | obj |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 wait | punct |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 wait | nsubj |
| 9 | wait | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 need | parataxis |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 it | case |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 wait | obl |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 13 seals | case |
| 13 | seals | seal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 wait | obl |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 come | mark |
| 15 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 wait | advcl |
| 16 | up | up | ADP | _ | 15 come | compound:prt |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 breathe | mark |
| 18 | breathe | breathe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 come | advcl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 warms | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 warms | cc |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 24 warms | mark |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 climate | det |
| 23 | climate | climate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 warms | nsubj |
| 24 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 wait | conj |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 ice | det |
| 26 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 melts | nsubj |
| 27 | melts | melt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 warms | conj |
| 28 | earlier | early | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 27 melts | advmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 freezes | cc |
| 30 | freezes | freeze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 melts | conj |
| 31 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 30 freezes | advmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 go | punct |
| 33 | so | so | ADV | _ | 37 go | advmod |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 bears | det |
| 35 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 go | nsubj |
| 36 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 go | aux |
| 37 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 wait | advcl |
| 38 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 37 go | advmod |
| 39 | without | without | ADP | _ | 40 food | case |
| 40 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 go | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 need | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | present | Polar bears | the sea ice | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot ice=Theme | ||||
| 2 | wait | present | seals = seal | bear | for seals | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on it=Location | |||
| 3 | come up | to-infinitive | seals = seal not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | breathe | to-infinitive | seals = seal not said here | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | warm | present | the climate | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | melt | present | the ice | early property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 7 | freeze | present | the ice not said here | late property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 8 | go | must | the bears | without food; long property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears/2/