The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer, sentence 11
Reindeer feet make a clicking sound from tendons as they walk, which may help a herd keep together in snowstorms, and their hooves are soft in summer for boggy ground and hard in winter to cut into ice.
Who acts: Reindeer feet, feet, herd, hooves · What happens: make, walk, help, keep together, be, cut · To what, where: clicking sound, tendons, herd, snowstorms
This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reindeer feet, feet, herd, hooves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reindeer | reindeer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 feet | compound |
| 2 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 make | nsubj |
| 3 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 sound | det |
| 5 | clicking | clicking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 sound | compound |
| 6 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 make | obj |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 tendons | case |
| 8 | tendons | tendon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 make | obl |
| 9 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 11 walk | mark |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 walk | nsubj |
| 11 | walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 make | advcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 help | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 help | nsubj |
| 14 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 help | aux |
| 15 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 walk | conj |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 herd | det |
| 17 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 help | obj |
| 18 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 help | xcomp |
| 19 | together | together | ADV | _ | 18 keep | advmod |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 snowstorms | case |
| 21 | snowstorms | snowstorm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 keep | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 soft | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 soft | cc |
| 24 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 hooves | nmod:poss |
| 25 | hooves | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 soft | nsubj |
| 26 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 soft | cop |
| 27 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 make | conj |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 summer | case |
| 29 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 soft | obl |
| 30 | for | for | ADP | _ | 32 ground | case |
| 31 | boggy | boggy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 ground | amod |
| 32 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 soft | obl |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 hard | cc |
| 34 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 soft | conj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 winter | case |
| 36 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 hard | obl |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 cut | mark |
| 38 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 hard | advcl |
| 39 | into | into | ADP | _ | 40 ice | case |
| 40 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 cut | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 make | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | Reindeer feet | a clicking sound | tendons | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset sound=Product from tendon=Material | |||
| 2 | walk | present | feet = foot | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | help | may | a herd | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent herd=Beneficiary clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | keep together | infinitive | a herd not said here | snowstorms | together property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in snowstorm=Location | |||
| 5 | is | present | feet's hooves | summer | for boggy ground; soft property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | be | feet's hooves not said here | winter | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | cut | to-infinitive | feet's hooves not said here | into ice | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into ice=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
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