The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer, sentence 12

A reindeer's nose is packed with tiny blood vessels that warm the cold air it breathes, and scientists once wrote a joke-serious study on why Rudolph's nose could be red.

Who acts: tiny blood vessels, nose, scientists · What happens: packed, warm, breathe, write, be · To what, where: nose, cold air, serious study

This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tiny blood vessels, nose, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 reindeer	det
2	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 nose	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 reindeer	case
4	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 packed	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 packed	aux:pass
6	packed	packed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 vessels	case
8	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 vessels	amod
9	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 vessels	compound
10	vessels	vessel	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 packed	obl
11	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 warm	nsubj
12	warm	warm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 vessels	acl:relcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 air	det
14	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 air	amod
15	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 warm	obj
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 breathes	nsubj
17	breathes	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 air	acl:relcl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 wrote	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 wrote	cc
20	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 wrote	nsubj
21	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	22 wrote	advmod
22	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 packed	conj
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 study	det
24	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 serious	compound
25	-	-	PUNCT	_	24 joke	punct
26	serious	serious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 study	amod
27	study	study	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 wrote	obj
28	on	on	SCONJ	_	35 red	mark
29	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	35 red	advmod
30	Rudolph	Rudolph	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 nose	nmod:poss
31	's	's	PART	_	30 Rudolph	case
32	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 red	nsubj
33	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	35 red	aux
34	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	35 red	cop
35	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 wrote	advcl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 packed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	packed	present · passive		a reindeer's nose	with tiny blood vessels	tree rules
2	warm	present	tiny blood vessels	the cold air		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent air=Patient
3	breathe	present	nose	the cold air not said here		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
4	write	past	scientists	a serious study	once property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent study=Theme
5	is	could	Rudolph's nose		red property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/12/