The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer, sentence 5
Arctic foxes have small ears, short legs and short noses that lose little heat, while the desert fennec fox has huge ears that give off heat to keep it cool.
Who acts: Arctic foxes, small ears, desert fennec fox, huge ears · What happens: have, lose, give off, keep · To what, where: small ears, little heat, huge ears, heat, fox
This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arctic foxes, small ears, desert fennec fox, huge ears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arctic | arctic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 foxes | amod |
| 2 | foxes | fox | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 ears | amod |
| 5 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 legs | punct |
| 7 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 legs | amod |
| 8 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 ears | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 noses | cc |
| 10 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 noses | amod |
| 11 | noses | nose | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 ears | conj |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 lose | nsubj |
| 13 | lose | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 ears | acl:relcl |
| 14 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 heat | amod |
| 15 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 lose | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 has | punct |
| 17 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 22 has | mark |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 fox | det |
| 19 | desert | desert | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 fox | compound |
| 20 | fennec | fennec | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 fox | compound |
| 21 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 has | nsubj |
| 22 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 have | advcl |
| 23 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 ears | amod |
| 24 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 has | obj |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 give | nsubj |
| 26 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 ears | acl:relcl |
| 27 | off | off | ADP | _ | 26 give | compound:prt |
| 28 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 give | obj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 keep | mark |
| 30 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 give | advcl |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 keep | obj |
| 32 | cool | cool | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 keep | xcomp |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Arctic foxes | small ears and short legs and short noses | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | ||||
| 2 | lose | present | small ears and short legs and short noses | little heat | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | have | present | the desert fennec fox | huge ears | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | ||||
| 4 | give off | present | huge ears | heat | vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source heat=Theme | ||||
| 5 | keep | to-infinitive | huge ears not said here | fox | cool property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/5/