The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters, sentence 11

Giant otters from the Amazon grow up to about 1.8 metres long, live in noisy families that hunt fish together and defend their river from caimans and jaguars, and were hunted almost to extinction for their fur.

Who acts: Giant otters, noisy families · What happens: grow up, live, hunt, defend · To what, where: noisy families, fish, river

This is a sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Giant otters, noisy families), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 otters	amod
2	otters	otter	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 grow	nsubj
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 Amazon	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Amazon	det
5	Amazon	Amazon	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 otters	nmod
6	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 grow	compound:prt
8	to	to	ADP	_	11 metres	case
9	about	about	ADV	_	10 1.8	advmod
10	1.8	1.8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 metres	nummod
11	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 long	obl
12	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 grow	advmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 live	punct
14	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 grow	conj
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 families	case
16	noisy	noisy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 families	amod
17	families	family	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 live	obl
18	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 hunt	nsubj
19	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 families	acl:relcl
20	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 hunt	obj
21	together	together	ADV	_	19 hunt	advmod
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 defend	cc
23	defend	defend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 hunt	conj
24	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 river	nmod:poss
25	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 defend	obj
26	from	from	ADP	_	27 caimans	case
27	caimans	caiman	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 defend	obl
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 jaguars	cc
29	jaguars	jaguar	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 caimans	conj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 hunted	punct
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 hunted	cc
32	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 hunted	aux:pass
33	hunted	hunt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 grow	conj
34	almost	almost	ADV	_	36 extinction	advmod
35	to	to	ADP	_	36 extinction	case
36	extinction	extinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 hunted	obl
37	for	for	ADP	_	39 fur	case
38	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	39 fur	nmod:poss
39	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 hunted	obl
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 grow	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	grow up	present	Giant otters from the Amazon			long property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	live	present	Giant otters from the Amazon not said here		noisy families		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in family=Location
3	hunt	present	noisy families	fish		together property	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme
4	defend	present	noisy families not said here	fish's river		from caimans and jaguars	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent river=Beneficiary from caiman=Theme
5	hunt	past · passive	Giant otters from the Amazon not said here			to extinction; for fish's fur	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: for fur=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/11/